PV systems can vary greatly in size from small rooftop or portable systems to massive utility-scale generation plants. Although PV systems can operate by themselves as off-grid PV systems.
A complete system includes different components that should be selected taking into consideration your individual needs, site location, climate and expectations. It consists of an arrangement of several components, including:
- PV Modules. To absorb and convert sunlight into electricity.
- Inverter. Converts DC power into standard AC power for use in the home, synchronizing with utility power whenever the electrical grid is distributing electricity.
- Battery, stores energy when there is an excess coming in and distribute it back out when there is a demand. Solar PV panels continues to re-charge batteries each day to maintain battery charge.
- Utility Meter. Utility power is automatically provided at night and during the day when the demand exceeds your solar electric power production. The utility meter actually spins backwards when solar power production exceeds house demand, allowing you to credit any excess electricity against future utility bills.
- Charge Controller. Prevents battery overcharging and prolongs the battery life of your PV system.
In addition mounting, wiring, overcurrent, surge protection and disconnect devices, and other power processing equipment.
It may also use a solar tracking system to improve the system's overall performance and include an integrated battery solution, as prices for storage devices are expected to decline.
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