Active solar techniques use various electrical and mechanical components to capture and convert the sun's energy. These systems typically include photovoltaic panels, collectors, voltage controllers, blowers and pumps that work together to process the sun's usable heat. Two major technologies have been developed to harness it:
- Photovoltaic solar technology, which directly converts sunlight into electricity using panels made of semiconductor cells.
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Solar thermal technology, which captures the sun’s heat. This heat is used directly or converted into mechanical energy. and in turn electricity, known as concentrated solar power . This heat is used directly (low‑temperature solar thermal) or converted into mechanical energy and in turn electricity (concentrated solar power – CSP).
Two different types of installations are used:
- Individual systems for homes or small communities. Photovoltaic panels can power electrical devices, while solar thermal collectors can heat homes or hot water.
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Photovoltaic or concentrated solar power plants, that cover hundreds of acres produce electricity on a large scale, which can be fed into power grids.
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